Physiology of the breast prior to puberty there are no discernible differences, functional or structural, between the male and female breast. Anatomy of the breast in this section, you will view this lesson from the khan academy about breast anatomy and breastfeeding physiology how milk is made. Each of these lobes is made up of many smaller lobules, the gland that produces milk in nursing women. Their primary function is lactation producing breast milk to nourish a baby after. The female breasts include the mammary glands and nipples. A mammary gland is an exocrine gland in humans and other mammals that produces milk to. Gross anatomy of the normal breast internal anatomy consists of fascial layers, retromammary space, fibrous tissues, glandular tissueslobes lobules terminal ductal lobular unit tdlu adipose tissues, coopers ligaments, pectoral muscle, circulatory system, and.
The physiology of the nonlactating human breast likely plays a key role in factors that contribute to the etiology of breast cancer and other breast conditions. Describe the lymphatic drainage of the female breast. Breast anatomy and lactation reproductive system physiology nclexrn. Breast mammary gland modified sweat gland accessory organ of reproductive system well developed after puberty in female provides milk to the newborn situation superficial auxiliary tail of spence in axilla. Chapter 1 anatomy of the breast mammary gland glandula mammaria s. Valdoni, policlinico umberto i, university of rome sapienza, rome, italy. Those techniques permit the conservation of skin, inframammary fold and specially the nipple areola complex nac to achieve better outcomes. Breast ducts are lined by a layer of cuboidal cells surrounded by a. At the histological level, the prepubertal breast both in males and in females, consists of multiple rudimentary ducts arranged circumferentially, and converging towards the nipple. Anatomy, physiology, symptom assessment, and epidemiology. The breast is an organ whose structure reflects its special function. Objectives by the end of the lecture, the student should be able to. Both the lobes and lobules are connected by milk ducts, which act as stems or tubes to carry the milk to the nipple.
There are no muscles in the breast, but muscles lie under each breast and cover the ribs. Summary the mammary gland is an organ of ectodermal origin whose structure reflects its function. Each breast also contains blood vessels and vessels that carry lymph. The anatomy and physiology of the breast medscape education. Breast anatomy and physiology gross anatomy of the normal breast definition external anatomy internal anatomy histology. Anatomy and physiology of the breast breast cancer.
Anatomy and physiology of the breast amazon web services. The anatomy of the lactating breast infant journal. It mostly occurs at the base on the large breast muscle m. Request pdf anatomy and physiology of the breast the mammary gland is classified as a branched tubuloalveolar structure with hormoneresponsive lobules surrounded by a loose connective tissue. Lactation is the process by which milk is synthesized and secreted from the mammary glands of the postpartum female breast in response to an infant sucking at. Overview of the breast breast pathology johns hopkins. The epithelial component of the tissue consists of lobules, where milk is made, which connect to ducts that lead out to the nipple.
The lymph vessels lead to small beanshaped organs called lymph nodes. Indeed, these anatomical findings may help in providing physiological explanations for often observed clinical phenomena. A healthy female breast is made up of 1220 sections called lobes. Normal breast 6 histology of normal breast some but not all luminal cells express er. It is meant to serve as a backdrop and reference for the chapters that follow on pathologies and treatment. Pdf breast anatomy the breast is an endocrine gland placed on the front of the chest, consisting of glandular acini, also called alveoli, coated by. Anatomy and physiology of the breast plastic and reconstructive. Anatomy of the thoracic wall, axilla and breast pdf. The mammary gland is classified as a branched tubuloalveolar structure with hormoneresponsive lobules surrounded by a loose connective tissue stroma. Overview of the breast breast pathology johns hopkins pathology.